Economic Final project paper and Power point Essay

Economic Final project paper and Power point - Essay Example Through the different researcher studies, it has been proven that the automotive industry continues to rise in control of the world economy. It has even been observed that countries such as Korea and Japan are among the fastest growing countries today due to the fact that they are among the ones having great control in the automobile industry. Why is this particular fact relevant to the society today and how is this primary consideration affective in the process by which the world faces worldwide economic turmoil at present? Transportation is the well known factor that brings about the chance of every nation to progress. If seen carefully, researchers attest to the fact that the countries having the most advanced transportation system are those that are really able to face the different challenges of modern developments towards national progress. Why is this so? Transportation is often regarded as the most important fuel to national development. A country that has the most progressive sense of transportation are the ones that are able to link every inch of the country towards advancement. The roads and the public transport systems easily get people to and from work making it much easier for them to boost the national economy through being able to perform well for the economic advancement of the country. Obviously, every nation, big or small is usually defined by its system of transportation. Every system of transportation is fueled by the modern advancements in mobile creation. This fact has been recognized and understood through the years. Hence, as a result, the new innovative designs of automobiles are rather created to fit the needs of the modern society. Believably, the modern society welcomes new design that would best fit their demand for the best kind of transport and travel that they know they deserve. Hence, this is where the social role of the automotive industry comes in. Along with the industries providing the basic

American Dream Essay Example for Free

American Dream Essay Ever since America has been explored and colonized. The conception of an ideological dream has been at the forefront. America has continually provided an arena for those in individuals seeking economic, governmental and religious growth. The concept of American dream starts as European in a nature. Italian explorer Christopher Columbus and his voyage, as well as John Smith and his voyage were a recognizable spark that reinforced the concept of American Dream. Columbus set the sail for a passage to the east by sailing to the west and ended up in the rich, wealthy new world. According to Christopher Columbus first impressions from Letter to Louis de Santangel regarding the first Voyage the new land was everything they were looking for. The island and all the others are very fertile to a limitless degree, and this island is extremely so. They came in this new land and saw the opportunities it gave them. All the threes, plants, animals and fruits they can collect and trade. In it are marvelous pine groves, and there are very large tracks of cultivable lands, and there is honey, and there are birds of many kinds and fruits in great diversity. These islands were fertile to a limitless degree. It had many harbors and rivers, high lands, sierras and lofty mountains. Columbus saw the opportunity for himself and his country to profit economically through spices, gold and trade. This land gave a promise of a better, easier, and more prosperous life, which in a way is an American dream. When people heard about this new land they wanted to be a part of it. Since this new land was almost uninhabited, it was open for  the European people. And from that point I sent two men inland to learn if there was a king or great cities. They traveled three days journey and found infinity of small hamlets and people without number, hut nothing of importance. This new land was clean and unpopulated and ready for Europeans to use its prosperity. Columbus was not the only one praising this new land. According to John Smith, an English soldier, explorer and author, this place was full with opportunities and great for entrepreneurs. His Description of New England describes the fishing, soils, inhabitants, fauna, flora, and climate of the coastal region from Cape Cod to Penobscot. Smith saw New England as a place where English life could be transplanted to America, and this work is an extended advertisement and prospectus for investors and settlers, with Smith to provide the expertise and leadership. Smith starts by describing the pleasure and content that risking your life for getting your own piece of land brings to men. How building your own house; planting your own crops, and having a ; Gods blessing industry; would be easy to have without having any prejudice. Smith talks about fishing with only a stick and a hook and you will catch excellent fish; also that if you planted crops you could get as much as 50 shillings yearly, use this money for meat and beer, and still afford to become rich.For laborers, if those that sow hemp, rape, turnips, parsnips, carrots, cabbage, and such like give twenty, thirty, forty, fifty shillings yearly for an acre of ground, and meat, drink, and wages to use it, and yet grow rich, when better, or at least as good ground, may be had, and cost nothing but labor; it seems strange to me, any such should there grow poor. He is encouraging people to come to this country and start their new, better lives, their American dream. The conception of an ideological dream has been at the forefront and has stayed pretty much the same throughout the years. American dream is the better life that gives you wealth, freedom and opportunities. As for myself, American dream has always been more like a clichà ©, a beautiful white house with a porch, high paying 9-5 job, loving family with two kids and a golden retriever, that does bring the ball back to you.

The Comic Hero in Aristophanes and Charlie Chaplin :: Cominc Hero Aristophanes Chaplin Essays

The Comic Hero in Aristophanes and Charlie Chaplin The comedic works of both Aristophanes, a fifth-century ancient Greek playwright, and Charlie Chaplin, an actor of the early twentieth century, center around one character. Aristophanes' play Clouds, first produced in 423 B.C.E., concerns Strepsiades and his many debts; he plans to learn from Socrates the art of the Inferior Argument so that he may convince his creditors that he does not have to pay them anything after all. In his later play Birds, first produced in 414 B.C.E., the main character is Makemedo, a man so determined to get out of Athens that he convinces a collection of birds to defy the gods, establish themselves as the rulers over the earth, and build a brick city in the sky from which they can reign and where he can also live. In each of Chaplin's films The Immigrant (1917), The Count (1916), and Easy Street (1917), he acts as a kind of "tramp" who overcomes his low status in society and achieves what he wants, even if only for a short time. Strepsiades, Makemedo, and Chaplin all shamelessly pursue their desires with little regard for the rules and standards of society around them. In his published lecture concerning Aristophanes' plays, Cedric H. Whitman discusses what he considers as the general template of all of Aristophanes' main characters: the comic hero. Whitman defines a comic hero as possessing great individualism, a good deal of poneros, meaning wickedness, and striking a balance of eiron and alazon, which translates into being a mixture of an ironical buffoon, who makes fun of himself for his own amusement, and an imposter, who disguises his true identity or feelings. He sees the comic hero as one who is extremely self-motivated and self-centered: "whatever is heroic is individualistic, and tends toward excess, or at least extremes. It asserts its self primarily . . ." Whitman also declares that poneros is necessary in the character of the comic hero, that this person is villainous, manipulative, and very convincing. The comic hero is shameless in expressing his desires, and he has no shame in pursuing them by any means necessary, whether such acts would be considered right or wrong. Whitman also recognizes the mixture of eiron--ironical buffoonery--and alazon--being an imposter--in the comic hero of Aristophanes' plays. "The mere buffoon, says Aristotle, makes fun for the sake of getting a laugh for others; the ironical man makes fun for his own amusement, which is more worthy of a free man.

Why Do We Cry When Watching a Film

This is the feature from BBClearningenglish. com for more information and _____ the view go to the BBCworldservice. com ____ post card. R: hello, I'm Rob and welcome to 6 minute english. With me today in studio is Ms. Feifei. Hello there. F: Hi Rob. R:In today's programme we are discussing films make us cry and why we actually enjoy watching something that makes us burst into tears or another words to cry out loud. We are also looking at the language associated with crying. So crying out loud surely this is something that you have done, Feifei? F: I'm afraid yes so I have done that.R: Is there a particular film is made you cry? F: I think you have to see the film Turner and Hooch. And how about you Rob? R:Well, being a man obviously I will never cry well almost. There is an old children's film called The Railway children. At the end, when the children's father returns from exile, his daughter runs out the station platform shouting: My daddy my daddy. That makes me misty-eyed. F: You ‘re big softy. R: I suppose I'm. Now Feifei, before we discuss this subject further, here's your question for today: Which film has won the most ever Oscars awards? Is this.. . Ben Hur b. Slumdog Millionaire or c. Gone with the wind F: I think I'm going to go for answer b. Slumdog millionaire. R: ok. Let's find out if you are right at the end of programme. Of course, the 85th academy awards better known as the Oscars were held recently and there was one major weepy that won several awards. F: a weepy? you mean a film that makes us cry. R: Yes and that film was Lei Miserables. I have seen it really is a tearjerker. It literally causes tears to roll down our checks. So why do we chose to see the film or movie that makes us get so emotional ?F: I suppose it ‘s the mark of a good film if it causes us to reveal our emotions. A really sad story if it's well acted and directed, can really make us blub (another word for crying). And a sob srory one where the character tries to g et our sympathy for him or her can have the same effect. But what is it about a film that can makes us cry when we can't cry in real life? R:Well, according to psychologist Dr Everon Lemon, we allow our emotions to be imfluenced when we watch a film. What word does she use to mean † influenced†? Dr.Everon Lemon: People want to have their emotions manipulated, because then they are allowed to have them. We spend so much of our life being told you shouldn't feel like that, you don't feel like that when in fact we do you like that. And both the visual and the auditory allows us to know what emotion we are meant to feel. F: So Dr Everon Lemon says we like to have our emotions manipulated, influenced by a film. In real life we told how we should feel. R: But when watching a film, at the cinema for example, we can let our emotions loose.But there is something else in a film that effects our emotions and gives us goose bumps or a feeling that makes our hair stand on end and we get little bumps on our skin. F: Yes, Dr Lemon says there are visual and auditory clues that provokes our feelings so that is the style of the pictures and the music or sound effects that are used. R:( music) Like the music in the Jaw movie although that's not really a tearjerker. F: oh Come on, Rob. I bet you cried at the scary bits. R: I told you men don't cry.Although there is one film that has had grown men crying their hearts out which means they have been crying uncontrollably. That is the film Toy Story 3. F: Really R:Yes, I don't think it's because the film is sad but because watching it makes men nostalgic about their young and perhap they can see their kids reflected in the story too. F: Well I bet these men were crying alone. They wouldn't want to be seen crying in public. R: Well not according to Phillip Sheppard who composes or writes film music. He thinks letting our feelings out, he calls it by catharsis is better in a group. Mr.Phillip Sheppard: All of us sort of nee d to find a catharsis, especially within a group to have this sort of place to have an emotional response. It ends up being something when you need to have that kind of release. As British people we are terribly bad at it I think. But when people find an outlet for it such as a film, especially when they are in a crowd, people's emotional responses are much more instantaneously responsive. R: So he says we all need to find a catharsis. Being in a group is a good place for letting your emotions out. When you watch a film with others you react to other people's emotional reponses.F: So if one person cries then other people will start to cry too. Unless you are British of course. R: That is what Phillip Sheppard thinks and we could say: It's a crying shame, meaning it's regrettable or it's an unfortunate situation. F: Ok, Rob well let's not cry over spilt milk. R: Huh F: Let's not get upset over something quite small. Can I Just have the answer to today's question, please? R: Yes, of c ourse. Earlier I asked you which film has won the most ever Oscars? F: And I said Slumdog Millionaire. R: And you were wrong. The answer is actually Ben Hur.The 1959 Film has won 11 awards the same number has also been won by Titanic and The Lord of the rings, The return of the King. Well Feifei before we go, please could you remind us of some of the cryng-related words and phrases that we have heard today. F: Sure. We heard: burst into tears misty eyed a weepy tearjerker blub a sob story goose bumps crying their hearts out it's a crying shame cry over spilt milk R: Thanks Feifei. Well it's a crying shame but we are out of time. Please join us again soon for 6 minute english from bbclearningenglish. Both: bye R: that's whole 6 minute english from bbclearningenglish. com.

Mobile Phone Simulation Essay

Introduction As advancement in technology becomes more and more rapid in development that many technological electronic devices will becomes obsolete before it is sold. As the average lifecycle of the many new products in the world today becomes shorter and shorter. This is the leading cause of obsolete inventory for manufacturers and retailers, where their inventory will not sell without being mark down. The other problem is that popular products will sell as soon as they hit the shelves and cause a stock out. As retailers learned to become leaner and work with manufacturers so they can continuously replenish stock when needed. That way it will help reduce the risk for both manufacturers and retailers. The people managing the supply chain must make accurate market prediction and allocate their resource to match the prediction. For the two lines of mobile phones that will be release in to the market, we will do everything described above. We will design the phone, take advice from forecasting tea m and then order production. After the production are the sales and the adjustments made in reaction to the market condition. The yearend sales result will tell us how much we made and board room meeting will give us feedback on how well we did. Design In designing the phone for year one, we decided to use basic model with no options added, just to test how it will do and to save on the cost of adding an option. That came to the cost of $130 for model A and $150 for model B. In year two, we decided to add the option of extra battery because we believed that extra battery life will result in greater demand for the phones. That came to the cost of $150 for model A and $170 for model B. In year three, we decided to add two options, the anti-theft and the speaker options. The reason we pick anti-theft is that we believe that anti-theft would be important to anyone who relies on their phone to perform day to day task and would not like to lose their phone. The speaker option was added the extra function on the phone, which we believe could boost sales. That came to the cost of $180 for model A and $200 for model B. In year four, we decided to go with a sleek design, the super-slim. The reason we pick this option was because we did not t hink the other options were viable except for this one. Two of the other options the anti-theft and the speakers did not get a good response from the year before so we exclude those options. The mini-DVD option was excluded because we did not think anyone would want to watch a movie on a tiny screen. In this design only the super-slim option was added and that came to the cost of $155 for model A and $175 for model B. Forecasting After finishing the design for the two phones the next part to do was Forecasting. For year 1the average for model A is 60k, and for model B its 30K. We decided to put the demand estimate for model A 60k, and for model B 26k.For year 2 the average for model A is 54k, and the average for Model B 31k. We decided to put the demand for model A 50k, and for model B 30K. For year 3 the average for model A is 63k and 27 for model B. we decided to put the demand estimate at 60k for model A, and 25k for model B. for year four the average for model A was 61k, and 24k for model B. we put the demand for model at 58k, and 20k. In year 1 we made record profit 40,986k, and made 29,146k in year 2, thus in year 3 we made record low 28,873k, in year four the company finish with 40,008k. In conclusion the information in the game helped a little. The game should give more insight information based on the customers. Besides the amount of forecast provided, little information was given in order to make a professional decision on sales. Productions For year one, as a team we choose to go conservative with the production approach. The things we choose to go with were Far Far Away supplier just because we really didn’t want to spend 2 million dollars extra just for a month shorter. Also with the Far Far Away supplier we decided to start with the month January just because the phones came out in May, and the shipping deliver was 4 month out. Also we went with Pretty Close supplier just because they delivered on time and was a lot cheaper with the price than the other supplier. For year two we went conservative again and went with the same suppliers. With this year we ran out of supplies so we were forced to rework the shipment so we could get more phones and of course that cost 2 million dollars but in the end it was worth it. For year three we changed things up and went with the Far away Supplier and that had change things up. We basically had to change which month to start production and how much we need. We also stayed w ith the pretty close supplier because they were always on point. Once again with this year we had to change things around because we were over stocking the shelves, so we spent the 2 million to send fewer phones from both suppliers. For the last year we went back to the original suppliers and things went well for us. The only problem we had was that we ran out of phones half way through the year and when we notice it was too late to change the amount of shipment we needed. Board of Director’s Feedback For the majority of the simulation, the responses from the board of directors were positive. In the first year, we received three votes from the board, but not without any constructive criticism. First time around, the board suggested that we think more about uncertainty of demand, the differences in the two products and when to over produce and when to under-produce. In the second year, we had once again received three votes from the board. This time, they suggested that we further consider the concepts of capacity allocation and production flexibility, internal dynamics and the use of overseas vs. domestic suppliers. As the third year came to an end, we again received three votes from the board. They then suggested that we consider the concepts of markdown costs as well as the correlation between the predictions from our analysts and their personalities, because their personalities may sometimes prevent them from making an accurate prediction. Finally, in the fourth year we receive d one less vote than the previous three years. As final pieces of advice, the board of directors stated that we need to better account for risk in making decisions, as well as to think about the differences in the two different models we were producing, and the concepts of stocking, holding and markdown costs. Recommendations Some recommendations to our competitors are to focus on what our company is producing, differentiate their products from ours, and new features on the devices to the changing market. Other companies must focus on our devices that we are producing. They must see what our company is producing and produce it better at a lower cost. They must also focus on our product so that they can differentiate their products from ours. If other companies can differentiate their product enough from ours and can make it a popular device then consumers will no longer want our style of phone and they’ll be attracted to their devices. Finally our competitors must give their devices new innovative features and functions so that the public eye is focused on these new changes and everyone is willing to pay for these new functions in their phones. Other companies must also view who our company is marketing our devices to. Our competitors can decide if they want to market to the same target market as u s or if they are willing to pick a different target market from ours. This is a big decision which can make or break their company. If our competitors decide to pick the same target market as us it will most likely result in higher marketing cost within each of our companies and both of our marketing budgets will have to go up. If our competitors decide to pick a different target market then they will have to make a decision on which market they wish to pick as their target market and our company will have to decide if we want to try to take this market from them or not. Conclusion In conclusion our simulation went very well; our company made good profit each year and our production line was consistent. Each year our product was obsolete so we would need to produce a new phone to keep up with changes in technology. This caused forecasting to be a major factor in our business we had to make sure we knew the right amount of each Model to be produced by our consumers. If we made any errors in forecasting we made sure to send the proper adjustments to our suppliers so that we were not left with too much surplus that would have to be marked down. It also seemed that the years that we had a shortage of a model ended up making us the most revenue. Overall the board of directors gave us positive reviews, each year we received multiple votes by the board and they had positive feedback to tell us. The simulation went very well and if we had more years we feel confident that we learned enough to maximize profits even more than we already have.

The Lamb essays

The Lamb essays William Blake was born on 1757. He grew up in the middle of London. Since Blake lived in a bad part of the neighborhood, he was poorly educated. Around the age of ten his father had enough money to send him to drawing school and then at fourteen he became an engraver. Blake realized that he was not any good at being artistic. Starting in 1778 Blake began making a living by giving booksellers and publishers with copperphte engravings. In Blakes later years he began to write The Gates of Paradise, and The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. As he grew older, he became more involved in his religion. William published The Lamb, The Tiger, and The Sick Rose toward the end of his life. William Blake uses symbolism in The Lamb, The Tiger, and The Sick Rose. In the poem called The Lamb, the lamb symbolizes innocence. The lamb also symbolizes the forgiveness of sin. The lamb is like a little innocent child. The creator is shy and mild in his ways, which makes him seem like a little child. So the creator symbolizes the innocent lamb. Which means the creator is actually like the lamb. The creator wants to be like the lamb in one way or the other. In the poem called The Tiger, the tiger symbolizes the wrath of God. The tiger also symbolizes punishment of sin. The tiger is evil, deceiving, and conniving but the tiger is very experienced. Experience is one of the traits that helps the tiger with all of his bad traits. The tiger is the evil of what the creator makes. The tiger is very experienced but in the wrong way. It is experience in the wrong way because it uses its experience for evil things. The image of the tiger is very frightful and not pleasant. The tiger is very cruel in one way or the other and does not care too much about other things or other people. In the poem The Sick Rose, the rose symbolizes experience. The invisible worm symbolizes the sadnes...

Academic Writing A List of Essay Types

Academic Writing A List of Essay Types Here is a great list of most popular types of essays. Check it out, if you need any type of essay to be written by a professional essay writer, place an order. Academic Writing: What Is an Essay? An essay is a piece of writing, usually from an authors personal point of view. The essay must be well structured (i.e. organized) and presented in a way that the reader finds easy to follow and clear: it must look tidy and not present any obstacles to the reader. It must have a clear readable interesting style. Academic writing must contain an argument or claim. This means it must address an issue or raise a question and present the appropriate data or information to illustrate it in a logical sequence, and then analyze and comment on it critically both by reference to sources and by pointing out any illogicalities, such as inconsistencies or omissions. Students are assessed on their ability to select the appropriate and relevant information to illustrate their argument or claim. Good academic writing has a formal structure, unlike fictional or personal writing. Exploiting this means that readers know what to expect, which greatly helps the communication process. The burden of communication is not carried at the word or sentence level alone but through the overall structure and organization of the text. The content should be individual and reflect the writers argument and research. Essays contain the following basic elements. These may be in the form of paragraphs for undergraduate essays, or sections for postgraduate essays or dissertations. The overall structure of a thesis (as well as, to an extent, the chapters) will have a similar pattern. A definition of an essay is a rather vague, so far I havent seen a clear definition of what an essay is. It could be due to the reason that essay is multifunctional, i.e. it can be used for a variety of purposes, in a variety of settings, in different spheres etc. In view of academic work, lets try to define an essay from the academic standpoint. So, an academic essay can probably be best understood as a testing or trial of the value or nature of a thing. This kind of testing has been recently acquired as a pedagogical tool. In this case, the main purpose of essay writing is to improve students writing skills, to judge the comprehension and mastery of the material learned during classes. This helps to expose their analytical, organizational, critical thinking skills etc. A formal essay would normally ask the student to present his/her views on a given subject, thus making an essay strongly subjective. First person narration is usually strongly discouraged, if not prohibited. Normally an essay would comprise 5 paragraphs (essentially called a five paragraph essay), but there are many other types of essays: descriptive essays, narrative essays, compare and contrast essays, persuasive essays, argumentative essays, definition essays etc. Basically, you name the type of the essay according to the purpose it serves, here you can fi nd a more or less comprehensive list of essays: Art Essay Argumentative Essay Cause and Effect Essay Compare and Contrast Essay Classification Essay College Essay Creative Essay Critical Essay Current Event Essay Deductive Essay Timed Essay Analytical Essay Descriptive Essay Definition Essay Division and Classification Essay Evaluation Essay Exploratory Essay Expository Essay Feedback Essay Informal Essay Inquiry Essay Instruction Essay Interview Essay Scholarship Essay Test Essay Literature Essay Law Essay Narrative Essay Observation Essay Paragraph Essay Personal Essay Persuasive Essay Philosophy Essay Poetry Writing or Essay Process Essay Proposal Essay Pros and Cons Essay Reflective Essay Response or Reaction Essay Review Essay If you need help with any of the above-mentioned essay types, feel free to contact any of our writing professionals, who are always willing to provide you with a top quality paper, ensuring a top score. Here, at   we are available 24/7 to help you! is the service you can trust. Order an essay from a professional essay writer.

The Battle of Tippecanoe in Tecumsehs War

The Battle of Tippecanoe in Tecumseh's War The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought November 7, 1811, during Tecumsehs War. In the early 19th century, Native American tribes sought to oppose American expansion into the Old Northwest Territory. Led by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, the Native Americans began to assemble a force to oppose the settlers. In an effort to prevent this, the Governor of the Indiana Territory, William Henry Harrison, marched out with a force of around 1,000 men to disperse Tecumsehs men. As Tecumseh was away recruiting, command of the Native American forces fell to his brother Tenskwatawa. A spiritual leader known as The Prophet, he ordered his men to attack Harrisons army as it encamped along Burnett Creek. In the resulting Battle of Tippecanoe, Harrisons men were victorious and Tenskwatawas forces were shattered. The defeat resulted in a severe setback for Tecumsehs efforts to unite the tribes. Background In the wake of the 1809 Treaty of Fort Wayne which saw 3,000,000 acres of land transferred from the Native Americans to the United States, the Shawnee leader Tecumseh began a rise to prominence. Angry over the treatys terms, he revived the idea that Native American land was owned in common by all the tribes and could not be sold without each giving their consent. This idea had previously been used by Blue Jacket prior to his defeat by Major General Anthony Wayne at Fallen Timbers in 1794. Lacking the resources to directly confront the United States, Tecumseh began a campaign of intimidation among the tribes to ensure that the treaty was not put into effect and worked to recruit men to his cause. While Tecumseh was endeavoring to build support, his brother Tenskwatawa, known as The Prophet, had begun a religious movement which stressed a return to the old ways. Based at Prophetstown, near the confluence of the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers, he began garnering support from across the Old Northwest. In 1810, Tecumseh met with the Governor of the Indiana Territory, William Henry Harrison, to demand that the treaty be declared illegitimate. Refusing these demands, Harrison stated that each tribe had the right to treat separately with the United States. Shawnee leader Tecumseh. Public Domain Tecumseh Prepares Making good on this threat, Tecumseh began secretly accepting aid from the British in Canada and promised an alliance if hostilities broke out between Britain and the United States. In August 1811, Tecumseh again met with Harrison at Vincennes. Though promising that he and his brother sought only peace, Tecumseh departed unhappy and Tenskwatawa began gathering forces at Prophetstown. Traveling south, he began seeking assistance from the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole) of the Southeast and encouraged them to join his confederacy against the United States. While most rejected his requests, his agitation ultimately led to a faction of the Creeks, known as the Red Sticks, commencing hostilities in 1813. Harrison Advances In the wake of his meeting with Tecumseh, Harrison traveled to Kentucky on business leaving his secretary, John Gibson, at Vincennes as acting-governor. Utilizing his connections among the Native Americans, Gibson soon learned that forces were gathering at Prophetstown. Calling out the militia, Gibson sent letters to Harrison urging his immediate return. By mid-September, Harrison had returned along with elements of the 4th US Infantry and support from the Madison Administration for conducting a show of force in the region. Forming his army at Maria Creek near Vincennes, Harrisons total force numbered around 1,000 men. Moving north, Harrison encamped at present-day Terre Haute on October 3 to await supplies. While there, his men constructed Fort Harrison but were prevented from foraging by Native American raids which began on 10. Finally re-supplied via the Wabash River on October 28, Harrison resumed his advance the next day. Tenskwatawa, The Prophet. Public Domain Nearing Prophetstown on November 6, Harrisons army encountered a messenger from Tenskwatawa who requested a ceasefire and a meeting the next day. Wary of Tenskwatawas intentions, Harrison accepted, but moved his men onto a hill near an old Catholic mission. A strong position, the hill was bordered by Burnett Creek on the west and a steep bluff to the east. Though he ordered his men to camp in a rectangular battle formation, Harrison did not instruct them to build fortifications and instead trusted to the strength of the terrain. While the militia formed the main lines, Harrison retained the regulars as well as Major Joseph Hamilton Daveiss and Captain Benjamin Parkes dragoons as his reserve. At Prophetstown, Tenskwatawas followers began fortifying the village while their leader determined a course of action. While the Winnebago agitated for an attack, Tenskwatawa consulted the spirits and decided launch a raid designed to kill Harrison. Armies Commanders: Americans General William Henry Harrisonapprox. 1,000 men Native Americans Tenskwatawa500-700 men Casualties Americans - 188 (62 killed, 126 wounded)Native Americans - 106-130 (36-50 killed, 70-80 wounded) Tenskwatawa Attacks Casting spells to protect his warriors, Tenskwatawa sent his men to the American camp with the goal of reaching Harrisons tent. The attempt on Harrisons life was guided by an African-American wagon-driver named Ben who had defected to the Shawnees. Approaching the American lines, he was captured by American sentries. Despite this failure, Tenskwatawas warriors did not withdraw and around 4:30 AM on November 7, they launched an attack on Harrisons men. Benefiting from orders given by the officer of the day, Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Bartholomew, that they sleep with their weapons loaded, the Americans quickly responded to the approaching threat. After a minor diversion against the north end of the camp, the main assault struck the south end which was held by an Indiana militia unit known as the Yellow Jackets. Standing Strong Shortly after the fighting began, their commander, Captain Spier Spencer, was struck in the head and killed followed by two of his lieutenants. Leaderless and with their small caliber rifles having difficulty in stopping the onrushing Native Americans, the Yellow Jackets began falling back. Alerted to the danger, Harrison dispatched two companies of regulars, who, with Bartholomew in the lead, charged into the approaching enemy. Pushing them back, the regulars, along with the Yellow Jackets, sealed the breach (Map). A second assault came a short time later and struck both the northern and southern parts of the camp. The reinforced line in the south held, while a charge from Daveiss dragoons broke the back of the northern attack. In the course of this action, Daveiss fell mortally wounded . For over an hour Harrisons men held off the Native Americans. Running low on ammunition and with the rising sun revealing their inferior numbers, the warriors began retreating back to Prophetstown. A final charge from the dragoons drove off the last of the attackers. Fearing that Tecumseh would return with reinforcements, Harrison spent the remainder of the day fortifying the camp. At Prophetstown, Tenskwatawa was accosted by his warriors who stated that his magic had not protected them. Imploring them to make a second attack, all of Tenskwatawas pleas were refused. On November 8, a detachment of Harrisons army arrived at Prophetstown and found it abandoned except for a sick old woman. While the woman was spared, Harrison directed that the town be burned and any cooking implements be destroyed. Additionally, everything of value, including 5,000 bushels of corn and beans, was confiscated. Aftermath A victory for Harrison, Tippecanoe saw his army suffer 62 killed and 126 wounded. While casualties for Tenskwatawas smaller attacking force are not known with precision, it is estimated that they suffered 36-50 killed and 70-80 wounded. The defeat was a serious blow to Tecumsehs efforts to build a confederacy against the United States and the loss damaged Tenskwatawas reputation. Tecumseh remained an active threat until 1813 when he fell fighting against Harrisons army at the Battle of the Thames. On the larger stage, the Battle of Tippecanoe further fueled the tensions between Britain and the United States as many Americans blamed the British for inciting the tribes to violence. These tensions came to a head in June 1812 with the outbreak of the War of 1812.

Impact of leadership in an organisations success Literature review

Impact of leadership in an organisations success - Literature review Example To be more precise this research question will serve a dual purpose such as highlighting positive or negative impact of leadership and analyzing different leadership styles that proved to be effective in long run. The major objectives of the study are to analyze the impact of leadership on firm’s success and establishing a relation between efficient performance and leadership approach. This research question will be supported with extensive research and outcomes will be analyzed through researcher’s perspective. Thus it shall add on to quality of research study being performed in context of leadership concept. Impact of leadership in an organizational context is highly important. It can be both negative and positive impacts on the organizational success. It has been noticed that there are enough studies and researches have been made upon this topic. But due to the extensive vastness of this topic there are still significant scopes are presents to conduct more research on this topic. Data collection methods are a vital component in a research study. There are various approaches which are adopted by a researcher in order to outline research findings. It can be stated that nature of research study determines which of the methods are most suitable. Research methods are basically of two types such as qualitative and quantitative methods. These methods are highly distinct in terms of their individual characteristics. Quantitative research method majorly relates to interaction with key personnel in the market who has a direct association with the research topic. In this approach the focus is on collecting data from the market which has some significance. However the process is not bounded to data collection but it is further extended to incorporation of statistical tools which judges relevancy of data. Leadership has significant impact on the organizational success. It has been observed that organizational successes are significantly

Educational Action Research Annotated Bibliography

Educational Action Research - Annotated Bibliography Example In this attempt, the author employs expositions of ethnography and action research so as to decrease the effect of epistemological cleavage between these two different approaches. Subsequently, the research is more relevant as it involves author’s experience relating to participation in three reception classes. After practically developing this method and its efficacy with the design and approach of new methodological approach in the field of educational research, the authors concludes that the participation in early years education by using the method of participation can be used as a new methodological approach in this field.Dick, B. (2004). Action research literature: Themes and trends. Action Research, 2(4), 425-444. The author has reviewed various action research related books and has developed perspective on the theme and direction of these books. Among finding various themes, the author has found material related to action science, inquiry, system-related approaches and the important aspect of action learning as well in which role and involvement of education, community, health, and organizational developments and subsequent practical applications have been detailed as well. a number of developing themes and trends have been identified including the increase and expansion of action research along with constructive inquiry, participation, involvement of community are those certain factors that have gained currency within the growing context and perspective of action research.

Revise essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Revise - Essay Example This bothered me sometimes until the bigger picture, their future became clearer. Raising children off the reservation can be both beneficial and constructive depending on the situations. In the beginning, I questioned myself why I was doing this? Was it to rebel from a community that I did not feel connected to or was I thinking about the importance of my kids life? Keeping them off the reservation was not endangering them or making them culturally insensitive. I found it to be protective and looking at the well being of their future. Many would disagree with me and say I was selfish because one should be respectful of his or her culture. Calling my children names, frowning at them and not being allowed to participate in certain activities they wanted were some of the problems my children faced for not being fully involved within their tribe. I thought this was not crippling their opportunities, but allowing them to see what else was out in the world and not in the reservation. Most Native Americans find it oaky not to be educated; and instead opt to work for their Tribal Casino and Resort. This was not going to be the situation for my children. During my kids youth was apparently the time when Native American education was not taken seriously. At this point, the damage on the youth revolved around things such as addictions, lack of world experiences, good healthcare, and crime. Originally, we had opted to raise our kids in the reservation because it was convenient for them to attend tribal schools where it was inexpensive and sometimes had free childcare. The older the children got, it became obvious their education had to be a priority in our lives; thus, we decided to move. With graduation rates at an all-time low and test scores getting lower, it was evident this was the best move my children. I wanted my children to have the opportunity to learn and have new experiences. My kids’

Dividend Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dividend Policy - Essay Example Lack of infrastructure and basic facilities would lead to downfall in prices of the land and investors will lose faith and retract the investment. This would be huge disaster for any businessman. One of the problems with real estate investment trusts (REIT) is that the investors tend to over invest and still REIT's must distribute most (about 95%)of the taxable income to the shareholders. Therefore before putting a land to sale check the basic amenities and infrastructure and the price of the land accordingly. UK has become a hotspot for real estate business domestically and internationally. The main reason for this is the presence of strong infrastructure and basic facilities like water and electricity. One of the important factors that have increased the real estate corporate is the high rate of ownership. Real estate has become an alternate investment in UK. It is not sure that how dividend policy affects the value of a firm and the debate still goes on. Some say shareholders wealth is increased by dividends, others believe that dividends don't affect firm's value in other words they are irrelevant and some more believe that shareholders wealth is decreased by dividends. A general definition of valuation of property is to state the actual value of the property both according to the government and private (commercial) sector. But government will valuate only landed property and fertile land. While valuating a property government will not consider the commercial demand that property is possessed with.Financial policy decisions include dividend decisions and according to a financial management research investment is considered as an exogenous variable. Influence of stakeholders has a greater affect on firm's dividend policy that can be observed by examining dividend and investment policy's interactions. Not only the stakeholders but also non-investor stakeholders and capital suppliers plays a greater role in affecting the firm's dividend policy. Some financial theorists were able to provide a hypothesis foe dividend policy irrelevance. The assumptions of this theory are Perfect capital markets, in other words non existence of taxes transaction costs, a single buyer or a seller cannot influence the market price which in other words termed as non existence of monopoly in the market and information should be accessed without any cost that is free of cost. There should be reasonable behaviour on the part of those who are taking part in the market. The future cash flows on the discounted value that are accruing to investors should have valuing securities. Certainty of the firm and investment policy and as well as having complete knowledge of future cash flows on the discounted value are considered important in this theory. Managers are considered as agents of the stakeholders. One assumption that not hold good is about the certainty of the investment policy of the firm which is critically viewed. A model was developed by Titman that hypothesises an interaction between investment and financial decisions. According to this model non-investor stakeholders wealth in a firm can be maximised by those equity holders who possess incentives. A company or a manufacturing unit intending to set up its own plant in any country has to look up, analyze and study the respective location then plan to take up the initiative. It has to take into consideration - all

The 1968 Theft Act Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The 1968 Theft Act - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that the 1968 Theft Act was supposed to come with simplified rules and policies that were meant to eliminate the many dilemmas and confusions that criminal lawyers had faced earlier. Unfortunately, soon after its introduction into the legislation more complexities started to arise. It appeared that most of the concepts that were designed to bring out clarity in theft cases turned out to bring more confusion following the various proceedings that advanced from there henceforth. The most controversial concept being appropriation which had been introduced into the law to simplify things by replacing taking and carrying away. The term was defined in partiality by section 3 (1) of the Theft Act. Lack of further explanation on the term by the legislative is what caused more problems. Two issues arose:Â  one is what the relationship between consent and appropriation was and the second, the possibility of appropriating property that was acquired i n a transaction impeccable at civil law. This essay tries to analyze these facts using issue raised in two important cases R v Hinks and DPP v Gomez. The researcher of this essay also utilizes Shute’s views from his article Appropriation and the law of theft. The purpose of this research is to investigate the following: consent and appropriation; unimpeachable transfers and appropriation and evaluation of arguments Hinks case.... 41). There are other valid reasons where a transaction is censured at common law on a number of certain defined grounds. These can be where the transaction is a product of duress, and it may have been through deception, undue influence, fraud, or misrepresentation (Horder & Shute, 1993, p. 549). Sometimes the transaction can be vitiated to have occurred because there was enough reason to believe one party was unconscious. In the event that any of the above occurs then the transaction should remain valid until the transferor repudiates it successfully. Unimpeachable Transfers and Appropriation This issue arises where a transfer of property is unimpeachable at both equity and at common law. This matter arose in Mazo (1997) case where a house cleaner took advantage of her employer’s mental incapability to dishonestly receive and cash cheques made payable to her by her boss. The house cleaner was sentenced to Jail after being found guilty for five counts of theft and one count of attempted theft. On her appeal, the court held it that the case was consistent with that of Lawrence v Metropolitan Police commissioner (1972) where the House of Lords decision was that in the event a valid gift was made then there could be no theft. However, it was not clear as per Viscount Dilhorne’s speech in the Lawrence case whether the House of Lords could not charge the receiver of the gift with theft, which was consistent with the ruling in Gomez case. This decision was later addressed in the case of Hinks that happened two years later after the Gomez and Lawrence cases. In Hinks case, he was convicted of five counts of theft despite his argument that the sums received were gifts and loans therefore could not be appropriated

Dividend Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dividend Policy - Essay Example Lack of infrastructure and basic facilities would lead to downfall in prices of the land and investors will lose faith and retract the investment. This would be huge disaster for any businessman. One of the problems with real estate investment trusts (REIT) is that the investors tend to over invest and still REIT's must distribute most (about 95%)of the taxable income to the shareholders. Therefore before putting a land to sale check the basic amenities and infrastructure and the price of the land accordingly. UK has become a hotspot for real estate business domestically and internationally. The main reason for this is the presence of strong infrastructure and basic facilities like water and electricity. One of the important factors that have increased the real estate corporate is the high rate of ownership. Real estate has become an alternate investment in UK. It is not sure that how dividend policy affects the value of a firm and the debate still goes on. Some say shareholders wealth is increased by dividends, others believe that dividends don't affect firm's value in other words they are irrelevant and some more believe that shareholders wealth is decreased by dividends. A general definition of valuation of property is to state the actual value of the property both according to the government and private (commercial) sector. But government will valuate only landed property and fertile land. While valuating a property government will not consider the commercial demand that property is possessed with.Financial policy decisions include dividend decisions and according to a financial management research investment is considered as an exogenous variable. Influence of stakeholders has a greater affect on firm's dividend policy that can be observed by examining dividend and investment policy's interactions. Not only the stakeholders but also non-investor stakeholders and capital suppliers plays a greater role in affecting the firm's dividend policy. Some financial theorists were able to provide a hypothesis foe dividend policy irrelevance. The assumptions of this theory are Perfect capital markets, in other words non existence of taxes transaction costs, a single buyer or a seller cannot influence the market price which in other words termed as non existence of monopoly in the market and information should be accessed without any cost that is free of cost. There should be reasonable behaviour on the part of those who are taking part in the market. The future cash flows on the discounted value that are accruing to investors should have valuing securities. Certainty of the firm and investment policy and as well as having complete knowledge of future cash flows on the discounted value are considered important in this theory. Managers are considered as agents of the stakeholders. One assumption that not hold good is about the certainty of the investment policy of the firm which is critically viewed. A model was developed by Titman that hypothesises an interaction between investment and financial decisions. According to this model non-investor stakeholders wealth in a firm can be maximised by those equity holders who possess incentives. A company or a manufacturing unit intending to set up its own plant in any country has to look up, analyze and study the respective location then plan to take up the initiative. It has to take into consideration - all

Human Trafficking Policy Development Paper Essay

Human Trafficking Policy Development Paper - Essay Example However, only 49,105 cases of human trafficking victims across the world have been identified with only 4,166 of these cases being successful prosecuted in 2009 (Cullen-DuPont, 2009). 335 of the successful prosecutions were related to forced labor. Previous research revealed that1.8 per 1,000 inhabitants was incidence of trafficking casualties in the world. Globally, the ratio of labor trafficking victims to sex trafficking victims currently stands at 9:1. Surprisingly, there are about 800,000 people trafficked across the international borders each year, as of 2007. Nonetheless, the number increased to 1.2 million people trafficked globally by 2013. Human Trafficking is undoubtedly the world’s fastest-growing concern in the criminal industry. It destroys the lives of so many women, children as well as young men each year in the globe. The public acknowledges that as a mother, grandmother, a sister, a relative, a brother, or a friend, it sickens to think that millions of our kin aged below 18 are sold to other parts of the world as victims of sex and/ or labor trafficking every year across the globe. The most horrible thing is that 80 percent of these trafficking victims are usually sexually exploited. Senators from most states, judges, defense attorneys, prosecutors, administrators, law enforcement officers and law-abiding citizens I’ve agreed all too well that indeed traffickers have no respect to gender, age or economics. Thus, they all advocate and support my proposed policy to help eradicate this inhuman act. My proposed policy focus to give a renewed attention on prevention overseas, a non-porous border at every state, tougher action on perpetrators as well as better identification of victims and care for these victims. This policy adopts a comprehensive approach as far as tackling trafficking is concerned. It will lay down legislations to: framework

Discuss the Roles of Language and Reason in History Essay Example for Free

Discuss the Roles of Language and Reason in History Essay History as the area of knowledge is virtually indivisible from language and reasoning. Language is one of the most potent means of interpreting and reporting historical information that is derived from the sources pertinent to the events and occurrences. The sources themselves, in their turn, are frequently presented by the written documents, recorded anecdotal experiences, and works of art, archeology, anthropology and photography which, yet again, are interpreted through the language in conjunction with the context of a historical event. It appears to be an endless loop, where language is the alpha and omega, the main vehicle of conveying history. However, to arrive to the valid interpretation of a certain historical event or development, historians frequently use reasoning to connect the factual data of the tangible sources since the latter ones often come in the form of fragments, related to a particular aspect of the happening. Ideally, reasoning, applied to the interpretation of historical data, should be impersonal, unaffected by predominant views and opinions and completely untainted by political agenda. Yet, it is hard to imagine that throughout the centuries those who held power would willingly allow the contemporary historians relate to the masses the adequate information on the details of their governing techniques and actions. As Winston Churchill pointed out, â€Å"History will be kind to me for I intend to write it.† Therefore, it is up to an individual to interpret the language, deduce information through applying reasoning, incorporate other areas of knowledge such as science, sociology, psychology and arrive to conclusions in attempts to comprehend historical developments in question. It is important to point out that we frequently perceive historical events as they are presented by those who hold some form of authority: the individuals whom we refer to as experts or the mass media and research bodies who are entrusted with the responsibility to convey information to masses. And here comes the essential aspect: the validity of the statements and projections made by the mentioned authorities. In other words, in search for the truthful perspective of a historical event one needs to remember about the language that is used for such interpretations, the language of power. Truth in history is a dubious concept since any event which involves certain outcomes would be interpreted by a number of experts. The outcomes of the events be it revolutions, wars, or reigns of monarchs and are usually appear in form of facts: toppling of governments, changes in ideologies and laws that societies are to adhere to, development or stagnation of the economy in a given country. These are the facts that are presented in the form of explanations, commentaries, and justifications. And here the language of power might play the crucial role in the way this information is to be perceived. To distinguish the motives behind the language that is used for presenting the event, one needs to look for other sources that interpret the same development, but from a different angle. For instance, the attack on the World Trade Center, New York City, in 2001 is vastly believed to be executed by the group of terrorists known as Al-Qaeda, and hence perceived as â€Å"the terrorist attack†. The mass media of the entire world presented the fact that over 2,700 people perished during the atrocious bombing which involved the hijacked airplanes driven into both towers which collapsed within a short period of time. However, the independent sources point at the undeniable facts that the World Trade Center towers were â€Å"designed to take the impact of the Boeing 707 hitting the building at any location† (Les Robertson, WTC Structural Engineer) and â€Å"could sustain multiple impacts of jetliners† (Frank A. Demartini, Manager of WTC Construction) and still survive (Aaron Swirsky, WTC Architect)1. Other sources, such as a scientific research conducted by Dr Steven Johns, Professor of Physics, BYU, state that the way the buildings collapsed precisely follows the scenario of a controlled demolition. Here, historical event calls for the help of reasoning, which can raise further questions to authorities that put the entire responsibility on the Al-Qaeda. The more scientific and factual evidence emerges from the research, the more controversial this event seems to be. But it is for an individual to arrive to a conclusion provided he or she is concerned with the issue. However, the prevailing opinion that was projected into the minds of the public by mass media remains adamant: the terrorist group dealt a tremendous blow to the democracy of the United States and must pay for it. Hence, there is a fully justifiable war with Iraq, the country which has a doubtful connection with Al-Qaeda, apart from the fact that it is run by a dictator and constitutes a predominantly Muslim society. But the non-Muslim world has already been contaminated by the fear of Muslims who seem to be nearly synonymous with â€Å"terrorists†. â€Å"Thus, [†¦] crowds have come,[†¦] to acquire a profound antipathy for the images evoked by certain words†2 and fully accepted the justification for the war in Iraq. Reasoning is an indispensable tool for those who wish to form a personal opinion on historical events which are presented through language. Yet this process entails searching for the information from the alternative sources. Language is used as a powerful vehicle in creating certain views among various groups of societies, and such language is frequently applied by those who are concerned with power. History is abound with examples in which governing bodies used language to impose ideology and ensure that the masses are entirely convinced in the righteousness of such propaganda: the Soviet Union, China and socialism, Germany and Nazism, the United States and democracy. However, upon a simple application of reasoning, a series of questions arise: how a nation that was claimed to be fed by pure ideology could exist for more than 75 years and build one of the most successful, self-sustaining industries and sciences that are still recognized, though grudgingly, throughout the entire capi talistic world? How could a nation develop such a potent economy that is still burgeoning while the other one is desperately trying to recover from the economic meltdown that has affected nearly the entire world? What could make a nation believe a mentally ill person3 and empower it to conquer the entire Europe? It is indubitable that the language of power and the power of language were effectively used by the leaders of those nations. However, it is reasoning that can help an independent researcher or a concerned individual in the quest of constructing a clear picture on what forces were involved in such profound changes on such vast scales. Of course, it is naà ¯ve to presume that reasoning alone might provide clarifications to the historical events under scrutiny. Reasoning in history is a second step in interpreting historical developments after pertinent to them materials were selected and carefully studied. These materials would include evidence from various fields and areas of knowledge, and the greater the scope of those areas, the more comprehensible and significant the features of events would emerge before the eyes of the researcher. Language might play the roles of obscuring the conditions and implications of historical events; yet the same language might be used in explaining the factors that led to the consequences produced by those events. However, it is the effort in applying reasoning and logic that would eventually create an unobstructed perspective on the historical developments and occurrences in question. References and works cited: 1. Joseph, Peter. 2007. Zeitgeist. Online. Accessed: Dec 21, 2010. www.zeitgeistmovie.com. 2. Le Bon, Gustave. 1841-1931. The Crowd: A study of the Popular Mind. 1841-1931. Translation: Psychologie des foules. Cherokee Publishing Company. Atlanta, Georgia. 1982. Pg. 100 3. The International Campaign for Real History. Hitler’s Last Illness. Online. Accessed: Dec 23, 2010. www.fpp.co.uk/Hitler/docs/Parkinsonism/VancouverSun170599.html

Personal Skills Audit And Preferred Learning Style Education Essay

Personal Skills Audit And Preferred Learning Style Education Essay The further management development starts from the responsibilities of manager towards achieving his task. In this fast changing and competitive environment managers need modifications in order to make new ways and strategies to cope up with the diversity occur in the organization. Responsibilities for achieving the task include the clear vision for the group that perfectly defines the direction and segregate work to keep in view the workers skills and flexibility. Determine which resources, processes, and systems are used. Develop the strategy to achieve the task, tactics, time, measurements and by understanding and delegation. Setting the benchmark is to restrict your subordinates to achieve the level that is up to the mark and gain maximum results. Entertain properly the control and maintaining activities and monitor overall performance against plan. Responsibilities as a manager for a group includes the standards and ethics to be performed in the workplace, define a proper organizational culture so your subordinates will be feeling comfortable in the environment and able to work efficiently and easily cope up with the situations. Manager should develop a team slogan to encourage his team towards the task and make them believe that they will be given their best to the task and will achieve the target. Threats which violated the organizations morale, try to turn these threats in to opportunities thats what many good managers with excellent communication skills does. The most important action plan which helps managers to manage the department includes the understanding of individual, their personalities, skills, strengths, weaknesses, needs, and capabilities and assists them in such a way that you can support individuals-plans, conflicts, and challenges they face by them. Classify every individuals objectives, and give appraisals in order to encourage them towards their tasks. Arrange career development programs to train them further because employees may need some new talent and in order to give them information about new technologies. The good leaders always have command over these main areas. First a leader believes to do the entire task no matter whatever the circumstances are, he keeps the right balance according to the situation, gets results, and strengthen the morale, quality, and develops strategies to attain maximum satisfaction. The most important function in leadership development includes planning keeping in view the appropriate information and elaborates the tasks in order to meet the standards. Commence the action and allocate the tasks with setting its standards. A good leader is proactive that supports individual and encourage team spirit and informing the tasks, plans, and schedule properly and give his feedback. Develop feasibility of plan to enable the assessment of the planned task. These all actions help leader in leading, and also includes strong emphasis by applying these techniques through training. Explain the impact of learning styles on personal development. Everyone has different learning style that is unique to the person and the way which seems interesting to him. Analyze your personal learning style by which you can give your best to the task and improve your personal life, which improves the time management also manage studies and, find new strategies to learn more. SELF-AWARENESS AND MOTIVATION Start realizing your thoughts, and be aware of your thoughts and decisions you take in order to make your life peaceful. Think position and develop healing pattern which encourage your thoughts and decision power in the position way. The more you know about yourself the better decision you will be taken. Self awareness also helps in spiritual growth when you have clear upstanding of your religion and believe you will start living accordingly. CREATE PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS In order to progress in your field you must learn how to make solutions of the problems occur, and must be able to describe or investigate the problem. Diagnose the causes of the problem that affects in your personal life, develop strategies and make alternates to resolve the problem, and analyze your weak areas where you are not able to make proper decisions. And at last implement your own strategy and assess the effective and efficiency of the decision. COMMUNICATION SKILLS Convey your message in such a way that people understand them clearly and having perfect idea what are you conveying. If your conveying method is not effective you will receive ambiguous feedback that other person perceived wrong. Find new ways to learn more about communication style that you can deal effective with people around you and build a trust through your good communication and make a good relationship. PAIRED AND GROUP STYLE OF LEARING The paired and group learning style is the most effective way to learn because a person will find a new ways from other people and learn from their experience to improve their personal life. Group learning style provides you the regularity and you will get better results. The paired and group style of learning also helps you in building your confidence and overwhelm shy factor. The group discussion will not only increase your knowledge but also helps in you progressing in personal growth. The advantages of group learning are numerous which provides an opportunity to compare results and helps in making accurate interpretation regarding to the personal life and career. Assignment 2 Personal Development Planning Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to provide a framework within which the learner can: Prepare and implement a personal development plan . Scenario Your tutor has asked you to provide evidence of your own personal and professional development throughout the course of your studies for this learning programme. As professional development is an ongoing process, this assignment will not be completed until the end of the learning programme. Task 1 Produce an ongoing personal development plan and reflective record of management experience which sets out: This provides evidence for 3a Task 2 Compile a portfolio of evidence which demonstrates how you have implemented the actions in Task 1 above over a period of at least six months, and includes records of: training and/or development needs from a recent appraisal or job review action planning, diaries, learning journal feedback from a variety of sources (eg manager, colleagues, customers) This provides evidence for 3a Task 3 Write a report of between 1000-1500 words which evaluates how well the main themes of the learning programme have impacted (or could in the future) on your work role and chosen career path. You should include an analysis of your strengths and weaknesses both at the start and end of the programme, and explain the importance of self review and how this informs future professional development This provides evidence for 3b Your objectives for career and life planning. The actions you plan to take to meet these goals. Your short/medium/long term goals and objectives. The resources and support needed and available to meet objectives target dates for monitoring and review. >>>> Manager Personal Skill and Professional Skill Introduction: Developing effective management skills to deal with specific challenges and problems of each organization is the urgent needs of many businesses and organizations in the global competitive environment, rapid changing of technology and environment. The new tendency of training and development of successful organizations over the world today is developing effective skills in dealing with specific challenge of their own organization to reach their own mission and objectives in the new organization that characterized by networked, flat, flexible, diverse, global organization. Based on the research in the world and in Vietnam, and from the success of previous workshops, the Center for Excellence in Management Development (CEMD) continuously offers the workshop on Effective Management Skills to help people and organization improving their own effectiveness and efficiency. Through this workshop, participants are not only developed specific competencies in the schedule, but also improved learning skills, facilitating skills, and teamwork skills very important skills in the 21th century organizations. Participants: Managers of businesses, organizations, and people who want to develop competencies in creative problem solving, communications, conflict management, negotiation, and improving self-management and individual effectiveness to improve organizations effectiveness and efficiency. Objectives and Contents: 1. Creative Problem Solving Skills: (1) Describing and analyzing a problem, (2) Identifying causes of a problem, (3) Developing creative options and choosing the best course of action, and (4) Implementing and evaluating effective and efficiency of the decision. 2. Communication Skills: (1) Listening skills, (2) Presentation skills, (3) Feedback Skills, (4) Report witting skills. 3. Conflict Management Skills: (1) Identifying sources of conflict functional and dysfunctional conflicts, (2) Understanding personal style of conflict resolution, (3) Choosing the best strategy for dealing with a conflict, and (4) Developing skills in promoting constructive conflicts in organization and teams. 4. Negotiation Skills: (1) Distinguishing distributive and integrative negotiations, position and principled negotiation, (2) Identifying common mistakes in negotiation and ways to avoid them, (3) Developing rational thinking in negotiation, and (4) Developing effective skills in negotiation that benefits all parties involved. 5. Self-Awareness and Improvement: (1) Understanding the concept of self-management, (2) Evaluate the effectiveness of self management, (3) Developing creative and holistic thinking, (4) Understanding the importance of emotions in works as well in self-development, (5) Understand of self-motivation, and (6) Effectively managing self-learning and change. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Personal Learning Style PERSONAL LEARNING STYLE Who would have ever thought taking a college course would require one to learn how to learn?    It is a good concept we normally undergo at a very young age.    At the pre-school age one will find children learning their strength and weakness through their playtime.    As adults we almost forget we have to learn how to learn to continue growth in our workplace, school, and in life.    In our second week of online classes I learned strengths and weakness in my learning style with the aid of learning assessments, personality spectrums, and time management logs.    In this paper, I intend to describe the various components of my learning style and outline a plan to improve my time management and study skills. A big component of my learning style is hands-on experience; learning while doing.    This usually involved someone with more experience instructing me as I performed the task.    Through the hands-on approach, I picked-up the knowledge and gained proficiency >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Assignment Task 1 1 Introduction This task is about analyzing personal development plan and make strategy for development of PDP. Personal development plan (PDP) shows an evaluation of current skills and knowledge that includes individual strengths and weaknesses. As per scenario, Finance 4 U is finance and accounting based company. Managing director has lot of plans in ensuring that companys staffs fully participates in improving personal and professional skills as the company has problem with staff morale and motivation. Personal development plans needs to be discussed in this task. As Finance 4 U urgently needed a personal development plan in terms of professional and career development and assists the company in progression. 2 Objectives The objectives of this task are to identify strategy for developing a personal development plan, its importance and how plan can improve daily professional life? Characteristics of plan must also be explained such as à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ Objectives and goals (both short term and long term)       à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ Dates and time scale       à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ Resources       à ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ Milestones and checkpoints (where performance should be reviewed) 3 Personal Development Plan its Importance Personal Development Planning is a structured and supported process undertaken by an individual to reflect upon their own learning, performance and/or achievement and to plan for their personal, educational and career development. The primary objective for PDP is to improve the capacity of individuals to understand what and how they are learning, and to review, plan and take responsibility for their own learning. http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/pdp.htm Personal development is a field of practice and research. As a field of practice PDP includes personal development methods, assessment systems, learning programs, tools and techniques. As a field of research, personal development topics increasingly appear in higher education reviews, scientific journals, >>>> Skill Audit SKILLS AUDIT GRID We would encourage you to review this regularly and particularly before tutorials |Generic Engineering Skills:                      |Good    |Average|Poor    |Academic Study                                  |Work Experience                                  |Extra-Curricular Activity                   |Action Planning                                  | |Analysis                                                 |          |          |          |                                                       |                                                       |                                                       |                                                       | |Modelling                                                 |          |          |          |                                                       |                                                       |                                                       |                                                       | |IT                                                          |          |          |          |                                                       |                                                       |                                                       |                                                       | |Problem solving       |Project implementation                            |          |          |                                                       |                                                    |Appropriate use of laboratory and             |          |                                                       |workshop equipment                                  |                                                       |                                                       |                                     |Design                                                 >>>>>> ADVANCED PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ABSTRACT          Well as I begin I would like to remember you one point that no one can withstand in the market of an organization when the people lack certain skills and knowledge. In order to ensure for proper skills and knowledge a proper idea about the development of their skills are briefed in this report. Keeping in mind, the four skills developed in this report were time management, stress management, running meeting, and group discussion. Not only the skills but also the learning styles were discussed. What are the techniques and objectives to meet the desired characteristics? How to improve the management skills for the effective leadership? The main concept of learning is mentioned clearly in this report which may be useful in the future requirements for an organization to be effective and imaginative. CONTENTS       à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ ABSTRACT       à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ OUTCOME 1 TASK 1: METHODS TO IMPROVE PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL SKILLS    1. (a) EVALUATION OF PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL SKILLS TASK 2:    1. (b) IMPROVIZATION OF SUCCESSFUL MANAGER SKILLS       à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ OUTCOME 2 TASK 3: PERSONAL SKILLS AUDITS 1.2 (a) PREFERRED LEARNING STYLE FOCUSSING ON THE SKILLS REQUIRED FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP       à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ OUTCOME 3 TASK 4: PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1.3 (a) DETAILED PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN TASK 5: 1.3 (b) MONITORING FEEDBACKS AND ADJUSTMENTS TASK 6: 1.3 (c) IMPACTS OF LEARNING AND UTILIZING IN THE FUTURE       à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ CONCLUSION       à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ BIBLIOGRAPHY OUTCOME 1 TASK 1: METHODS TO IMPROVE PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL SKILLS       à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Communication, communication, communicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦!!! This is an important method to improve both personal and professional skills. This is the first factor required to develop in any organization.       à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Developing the necessary business ethics and corporate social responsibility. This development of the workshop helps in understanding the ethical behavior and participants >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Personal Learning Styles Personal Learning Style Byron Taylor University of Phoenix Gen/101 Skills for Lifelong Learning Group ID #ONO61CS04 Daigre Victorine, Phd May 11, 2006 In the course of writing this paper I have learned a great deal about the styles of learning and how to incorporate personality traits into effectual learning principles. This paper will consist of an analogy of the components of my learning style to the facets of my personality. This will aid in strategically creating a plan to use in improving my time management and study skills. Components of learning style       I believe that my personal learning style, as do most people, encompasses many traits that extend far beyond categories and agree that these are tools to assist an individual in understanding capabilities, rather than give a definition of what type of person learns under different situations.    For instance, according to my scores in The Pathways to Learning Assessment, I am highly developed in Musical and Interpersonal learning and underdeveloped in the concepts of the Visual-Spatial and Naturalistic learner.    The fact is while I am very musically inclined, I have never created rhythms out of words, beat out rhythms with my hand, written a rap, changed materials to songs I already know, or used music while studying.    On the other hand, I realize that using some components of the Musical-Rhythmic learner I might be able to develop an additional style of studying, by evaluating the effectiveness of those components.       The components of an Interpersonal learner are traits that seem aligned with how I believe I would best learn.    When I was in sigh school, I thrived in the classes which were interactive in nature, as opposed to lecture driven.    I rarely understood the need for slide shows or other visual aids and often felt they had little bearing on the subject even though some of my classmates seemed to believe they helped them immensely. So if a category that fit most of what >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Personal Learning Styles Personal Learning Styles University of Phoenix Everyone learns differently.    This is something that we all discover at a young age.    Some of us absorb information from a Professors lecture very easily, while others will need to go back and read or recite this same information.    Everyone has a learning style that is unique to them, developed over time by their own learning experiences.    By examining our personal learning style, we are able to gain valuable insight on how we learn best, which allows us then to convert study material from its offered format into one that is more palatable for us as individuals.    After a thorough assessment, I have developed a detailed understanding of my own learning style and personality, as well as a strategic plan to improve my time management and study skills. Especially as children, we all have our favorite subjects in school.    Typically, we simply choose subjects we have a natural aptitude for as our favorites we enjoy things better when they come easy to us.    My favorite subjects in school were always math and science related; subjects where everything made logical sense.    I learn best when I can bring logical order to the information presented to me.    Not surprisingly, I also learn best when working on my own, so that I am able to organize my thoughts in a logical manner. After completing the Pathways to Learning1 assessment, I discovered, somewhat unsurprisingly, that I am most strongly developed in the Logical-Mathematical and Intrapersonal intelligences.    I then completed the Personality Spectrum1 and learned that my personality type is that of a Thinker. The results I received from these two assessments complement each other well.    I discovered that while I learn best through problem solving, my best study practices are to study in a quiet place, organize material logically (when possible writing outlines or developing charts and graphs), read text and highlight important points, write or rewrite >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> My Personal Learning Styles Like most people, I can definitely say there have been times in my life when learning was a chore. I can remember looking at the clock on the wall watching the second hand tick away while feverishly tried to grasp the material before me. On the other hand, I can clearly recall times when I was eager to learn. I looked forward to the experience, almost counting the hours until my next opportunity to dive into the scheduled material. As the years have passed from my early days of learning until now, I have realized there is a key word that defines my learning style: scheduled. I am a schedule person. From as far back as I can remember, I have always envied the organized person. The one who had a schedule for everything. The one who knew everything and knew where to go to get what they did not readily possess. I have studied temperament types and learning styles in great detail, primarily trying to find new ways of understanding others and myself. At one point, I took the Strong Interest Inventory Test to try to find out my personal learning style. In an interpretive report following the testing, Allen Hammer and Judith Grutter explained: Your score on the Learning Environment scale suggests that you are interested in applied or practical problems. You may be most interested in short-term training that can teach you practical skills that will help you prepare for a particular job. You probably learn best in settings where you can learn by experience, not through books or lectures (11). The Skills for Professional Development textbook provided four distinct tests to help me define my learning style even further. Test 1: Peak and Valley Learning Times (University of Phoenix 74), confirmed to me that I learn best in the early morning hours. Early morning is definitely a peak learning time for me. I can frequently be found early in the morning with a book and a cup of coffee. I wake up and my brain seems to be already engaged. Saturday mornings afford me the Criteria reference To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: Task No Page numbers 1 evaluate the personal and professional skills required to meet both organisational and own goals and objectives evaluate more effective ways to learn in the future 2 undertake a personal skills audit, identifying preferred learning style, which focuses on the skills required for effective management and leadership 3 produce a detailed personal development plan evaluate and review the effectiveness and impact of your learning

Style Essay -- Style Personality Individuality Papers

Style I often wonder what style is, and how does a person know when they are in possession of it. Style is one of the many things that seem to change form day to day for me, and I'm never sure where it might lead me. I think we all have our own style, but how can we get away from having the same style that other people have? When I look through magazines, all I read is the same thing over and over, in a little different style, or voice. Then, when I look out the window, I see people dressed in about the same fashions. These fashions may change from group to group, and age to age, but the idea of having ones own style seems to be hard to find. I think the only place where a person can have their own style is the home. But then we could fall victim to the Crate & Barrel style. For those who don't know, Crate & Barrel is a furniture store for people who like to copy the unique style of one another. So where this leads me is to the idea that the only real place where people can create their ow n style is in themselves. I think the best place to see a persons individual style is in school. I remember when I was in school, I would dress similar to the people that I hung around with. But the person that I was and am today is nothing like the friends that I had and still have. I think when a person is able to find out how they are, and what they want a personal style emerges, and the best thing about this is that we can alter it and change things as we see fit. You're probably wondering, "How do I know when I need to change my style?". The only thing that I can say is this, you'll know when it is time to change. I know that when I get a certain feeling inside, I know that I have to change something so that I can feel better about ... ...les, and we shouldn't be afraid to show them off to the people around us. How cares if we dress a little different. We are expressing our own individualities through the clothes we wear, and if other people don't like it, tuff noogies. Whoever, I think the only time we should be concerned about what others are wearing is when their style is a threat to our lives, or the life of the person wearing the garment. This concept could also be used in the other topics I wrote about in this essay. Unless there is harm to the individual, or individuals around them, we as a society shouldn't be to concerned about the styles of others. Usually these wild styles are a fads, and people will grow out of them. I know that I was able to grow out of many wild styles that my parents weren't sure if I would come out of or not. So if I was able to overcome these styles, others will to.

History Harley Davidson

In 1903, William Harley-Davidson, Arthur Davidson, Williams Davidson, and Walter Davidson started Harley-Davidson in a 10Ãâ€"15 shed in their backyard in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Production started with three motorcycles in 1903 and increased to 8 in 1908. In 1969, AMF Incorporated acquired Harley-Davidson Motor Company and expanded capacity from 15,000 to 40,000 motorcycles. Harley-Davidson, Incorporated was formed in 1981, when it was purchased from AMF Incorporated in a management buyout. In 1986, Harley-Davidson, Incorporated became a publicly held company. The new management installed a just-in-time inventory system to reduce inventories and improve total quality. With a new quality focus Harley-Davidson began to invest heavily in research and development. In one year the new Harley-Davidson management reduced the break-even point by 18,000 motorcycles. Management's focus on efficiency in production and improvements in quality resulted in increased demand and a production capacity of 100,000 motorcycles in 1995. Harley-Davidson operates in two segments Motorcycles and Related Products, and Transportation and vehicles segment. Total net sales for the first nine months of 95 were $1.3 billion, an increase of $174.1 million from the first nine months of 1994. Net sales increased in both the Motorcycles segment and the Transportation Vehicles segment. Demand for motorcycles is continuing to increase at a rate faster than supply for most of the markets in which Harley-Davidson competes. Parts and Accessories market should grow at a rate similar to the annual growth in motorcycle market. From its beginning in a shed at turn of the century, Harley-Davidson has survived the Great Depression, two world wars and a manufacturing revolution to become a company with products so valued and sought after that they are a way of life for many owners (Wheelen). Organization†s Vision, Mission, and Objectives The Harley-Davidson's vision is as follows: â€Å"Harley-Davidson, Incorporated, is an action-oriented, international company-a leader in its commitment to continuously improve the quality of profitable relationships with stakeholders (customers, dealers, employees, suppliers, shareholders, government, and society). Harley-Davidson believes the key to success is to balance stakeholders' interests through the empowerment of all employees to focus on value-added activities.† Harley-Davidson's mission statement is as follows; â€Å"We fulfill dreams through the experience of motorcycling, by providing to motorcyclists and to the general public an expanding line of motorcycles and branded products and services in selected market segments†(Harley-Davidson Home Page). The mission statement shows that the focus of the organization is on customer satisfaction and growth. Harley-Davidson's statement of company philosophy contains a separate list of the values of the organization. The values listed in this statement are, â€Å"Tell the Truth, Be Fair, Keep your Promises, Respect the Individual, Encourage Intellectual Curiosity†(Values). The objectives of the both the Motorcycle and Transportation Segments are listed below:  · Double production capacity to 200,000 motorcycles annually by 2003.  · Increase the number of women who purchase motorcycle-riding apparel.  · Gain entry in to the performance motorcycle industry and increase the sales of the newly acquired Buell Motorcycle Company.  · Increase international market share by increasing the number of foreign dealers and improving the foreign channels of distribution.  · Increase the availability of credit and lower the cost of credit for both the retail customer and the Harley Davidson Dealer.  · Improve customer satisfaction and improve communication with European stakeholders by increasing dealer service competencies. Mr. Richard Teerlink age 59 joined Harley-Davidson in 1981 and was elected to the board of directors in 1982. In 1988 he was appointed President, and he was named Chief Executive Officer in 1989 (Wheelen). Mr. Teerlink is also on the Boards of Directors of Johnson Controls, Incorporated and Snap-On Incorporated (Rethinking Leadership). Mr. Teerlink has been the leader in developing a value-based culture at Harley. His focus is on the importance of establishing mutually beneficial relationships with all of stakeholders has served the company well in the past. Teeklink believes that top management is responsible for creating an operating environment that can allow continual learning (Harley Davidson Home Page). Unlike the traditional executive leader who is focused on structure and strategy, Teerlink thinks about the operating environment in less tangible ways. Teeklink has a quality focus and has initiated a just in time inventory system along with a value-added approach to manufacturing (Wheelen). In addition to the focus on a quality product, Teeklink is also focused on growth and corporate governance, which is reflected in the company†s vision. In a speech at Yale University Teerlink said that, â€Å"the Motor Company expects its market share to be bolstered by increased production in the next few years. Teerlink stated the company expects to produce 200,000 units annually by the year 2003, compared to about 100,000 in 1995. Teerlink added in his speech, â€Å"We have not found any reduction in the demand for Harley-Davidson,†. He said the Milwaukee firm had close to 50 percent of the 651cc-and-above U.S. motorcycle market. Teerlink also said that almost 30 percent of the company's motorcycles are traditionally sold outside the United States. â€Å"Harley-Davidson seeks a patient and careful approach to overseas expansion. It's our intention to be very successful in all markets,† Teerlink added. â€Å"We are taking time to develop markets, rather than just going in and putting a dealer on every corner and have them sell motorcycles. Because we're capacity-constrained, we've been losing some market share, but we're not losing market share because people don't want to buy our product.† According to Teerlink, Harley-Davidson now has distributors in Peru, Singapore, Indonesia, South Africa and other emerging markets. He said Harley-Davidson had no immediate plans to diversify beyond its traditional strength in large-displacement motorcycles. Teerlink also noted that women now make up about eight percent of new Harley-Davidson buyers, as opposed to only two percent in the past (Online Magazine).

Erp Project Oracle vs Asap

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Project Students name: Registration number: Course: Date: Table of Contents ABSTRACT3 INTRODUCTION5 VENDOR OVERVIEW8 INTRODUCTION8 SAP8 ORACLE9 BUSINESS FUNCTIONS13 Production14 Sales14 Support services15 External services15 BUSINESS FUNCTIONS SUPPORTED BY ORACLE AND SAP16 TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM FROM SAP AND ORACLE19 COST COMPARISON BETWEEN SAP AND ORACLE20 EASE OF USE22 ERP MODULES23 Oracle’s Financial Management Analytics23 Oracle database 11g enterprise edition24 VENDOR SELECTION27 ERP DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE28 SCOPE AND COMMITMENT STAGE28 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN29 ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE30IMPLEMENTATION STAGE30 OPERATIONAL STAGE30 Bibliography31 ABSTRACT Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a system that integrates all the internal and external functional units of an organization, the functional units may be manufacturing, finance, storage, management, transport, customer satisfaction etc. in order to integrate all the organizationâ₠¬â„¢s functional unit into a flawless and harmonious system, computer software have been developed by different vendors, these software may be custom made for a particular organization or they may be general for use by any organization (Jerferson, 2010).ERP systems are put in place to improve on the efficiency of information management of the organization, all the data from the different units of the organization are managed by the software and is usually stored in a central location called a server, the server may be physically located in the organization or it may be a virtual one on the internet, the virtual serve uses a technology called cloud computing.The ERP system normally contains modules that are specialized sub-systems that are task-oriented, these modules include human resource, production planning, financial planning, quality management, materials management, sales and distribution, maintenance, controlling, asset management, project management and industry solutions. T he ERP software are developed and sold by vendors under different levels, the highest level is the large Enterprise ERP tier I which include vendors such as SAP, Oracle and Microsoft, this level is for larger enterprises with complex communication protocols between so many functional units.The second level is the midmarket ERP tier II which include vendors such as Infor, QAD, Lawson, sage and IFS, these ERP software are suitable for medium companies that have average complexity in terms of information management. The last level is the small business ERP tier III, vendors of these ERP systems include Exact Globe, Syspro, NetSuite and Visibility, ERP software in this are suitable for small businesses with simple information management systems (Jerferson, 2010).In this project, a detailed analysis of a hypothetical university’s information management system is made, and then an ERP software will be selected from one of the two vendors, SAP or Oracle. The selection will be based on the steps of the ERP development life cycle, the cycle will involve all the standard phases of an ERP development life cycle. The major activities of the university include provision of education, research activities and community service. The functional units of the university include the academics affairs, inance department, staff administration, medical services, marketing and public relations, central store, catering, students welfare and quality assurance. The project will analyze the software modules that are provided by Oracle and SAP, a detailed investigation on the suitability of the two will also be made, and then one of them will be selected for use as the university’s ERP system. This selection will be based on facts and will be as systematic as the ERP development cycle.INTRODUCTION There are several ERP vendors in the global market, each is fighting to be the dominant brand, and as a result, stiff competition between the vendors is taking place. Each vendor i s engineering better ERP software to attract the customer’s attention and fulfill their needs, some of the vendors are SAP, Oracle, Microsoft, Lawson, sage and IFS. In this project, the two most dominant vendors in the market will be analyzed, these are SAP and Oracle.The two vendors had a total market share of 55% between the year 2005 and 2009, and they have developed a wide range of products that are tailored to suit several organizations, be it military, government or industrial (Jerferson, 2010). SAP and Oracle are both in the large enterprise tier I category and they have mainly designed products to suit this segment of the market, however, nowadays they are developing ERP software for midmarket tier II. The project will take a hypothetical university as a case study, the university offers a variety of courses and has a number of campuses distributed all over the country.As part of the management policy, the university is divided into several departments that represent the business functions of a generalized organization, the departments are:- 1. Academics affairs This department deals with the core business of the university, which is provision of education, the department organizes the timetables, assigns lecturers to the different units, manages the curriculum, manages the student’s results, ensures that all the university policies are adhered to and organizes the tests and exams. 2. Central storeIn this department, they receive anything that is supplied by the suppliers. The central store also makes requisitions for general materials such as stationery, staff uniforms, sanitary consumables etc. but they don’t make orders for special materials that are specific to a certain department only such as machinery, computers, furniture etc. 3. Finance This department deals with the management and controlling of the university’s budgets, it also deals with monitoring and management of the school fees as well as the staff salaries a nd allowances.The department relies heavily on computer software to carry out its daily activities, all data is stored in a central server. 4. Students welfare The student’s wellbeing is taken care by this department, activities such as sports, festivals, parties, concerts are organized, monitored and financed by this department. 5. Human resource The recruitment of new members of staff, promotions and disciplinary procedure for misconduct of staff are all carried out by this department. The department also carries out training programs for members of staff. . Catering This department manages the catering services at the students and staff cafeterias, the department also makes orders for all the ingredients they need for preparing the food on the menu for the different days. The sales from the cafeteria are not managed by the catering department, they are managed by the finance department. 7. Medical services The student’s and health needs are meet by this department, the staff in this department include doctors, nurses and pharmacists.They treat any sick student or staff for free, but they use software to keep their data such as medical records, inventory and lab results. 8. Public relations This department deals with uplifting the university’s image, maintaining good relations with other stakeholders and promoting the university at different levels of the socioeconomic setup. 9. Other department Other smaller departments include quality assurance office, advertising department and repairs and maintenance, transport and research institute. VENDOR OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION SAPSAP AG is a software company based in Germany that makes enterprise software, the company was founded in June 1972 and was started by former IBM engineers, the company was initially called Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung (â€Å"System Analysis and Program Development†) but the name was later changed to Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung (â€Å"System Anal ysis and Program Development†), in 2005, the name was officially changed to SAP AG, SAP AG was included in the German stock index DAX in 1995 and was included in the Dow Jones STOXX 50 in 2003 (Leakey, 2013).Currently, SAP is the world leader in the sale of business and database software with a market share of 32%. Some of the main products of SAP are:- CATEGORY| PACKAGE NAME| Business| Analytics| | Advanced Planner And Optimizer| | Business Information Warehouse| | Portal| | Enterprise Central Component| | Governance, Risk And Compliance| | Human Resource Management Systems| | Knowledge Warehouse| | Internet Transaction Server| | Catalog Content Management| | Hana| | Supply Chain Performance Management| | Training And Event Management| | Manufacturing | | Master Data Management| | Service And Asset Management|Industry| Oil And Gas| | Healthcare| | Telecommunication| | Public Sector| | Utilities| | Retail| Small and midsize enterprises| Business One| | Business ByDesign| Other | CCMS| | Sapgui| | eCATT| | Central Process Scheduling| | Solution Manager| ORACLE Oracle is an American database and business management software company that was founded in 1977, its first name was Software Development Laboratories, in 1979 the name was changed to Relational Software Incorporation, the name was changed again in 1982 to Oracle Systems Corporation and lastly it was renamed Oracle Corporation in 1995 (Wikipedia, 2013).Oracle is ranked as the world’s third largest software maker after Microsoft and IBM by revenue, however, it is ranked second in as an ERP software maker by market share after SAP. Oracle had a market share of 23% in ERP software between 2005 and 2009 while SAP had a staggering 32% market share. Some of Oracle’s products are listed below CATEGORY| PACKAGE NAME| Applications| Oracle E-Business Suite| | Enterprise performance management| | Financial management| | Oracle fusion applications| | Oracle CRM on demand| | Customer relation manage ment| Hyperion| | JD Edwards world| | JD Edwards enterprise one| | Human capital management| | Master data management| | Primavera| | Web commerce| | Sustainability| | Procurement| | Project management| | Siebel| | Supply chain management| Database| Oracle database 11g enterprise edition| | Oracle database 11g standard edition| | Oracle database 11g standard edition one| | Active data guard| | Advanced security| | Airline data model| | Database security| | Express edition| | Label security| | MySQL| | OLAP| | Oracle database appliance| | Database vault| NoSQL database| | Secure backup| | Secure enterprise search| Engineered systems| Oracle big data appliance| | Oracle database appliance| | Oracle exadata database machine| | Oracle exalogic elastic cloud| | SPARC superCluster T4-4| | Sun ZFS storage appliance| Enterprise management| Application management| | Application performance management| | Application quality management| | Cloud management| | Database management| | Hardware man agement| | Lifecycle management| | Middleware management| | Oracle enterprise manager 12c| Java| javaFX| | Oracle JDeveloper| Java platform Micro edition| | Java platform standard edition| | Oracle java SE suite| | Netbeans IDE| | Oracle java SE support| Middleware| Application grid| | Application server| | Collaboration| | Portal| | Linux| | Developer tools| | Weblogic| | Webcenter| | SOA| | Identity management| Others| Solaris| | Servers (hardware)| | Integrated management| | Sun ray clients| | Virtual desktop infrastructure| From the list, it can be seen that Oracle makes more products than SAP, this may explain why their revenue is higher. BUSINESS FUNCTIONSBusiness functions are the routine tasks performed in order to achieve the goal of an organization. The figure below shows the business functions (LLC, 2002). These functions are similar for almost all types of organization, but in some organization some functions are totally omitted based on the products or services offered. The figure below shows the most common business functions of any organization. A brief description of the business functions is given below Production Research and development: in this level, the organization develops new products and new designs for existing products.Tests, experiments and survey are the characteristic activities of this phase, data collected from tests and experiments is stored, managed and utilized by the organization’s decision makers Production and quality: this is a major function and usually represents the biggest part of the organization in terms of human resource, at this level, the production is managed, scheduled and planned. Effective machine and staff utilization is a very important aspect in this function, the quality and production rates are controlled based on the data received from the sales and design team.Distribution and Logistics: this function deals with the supply chain, it manages the raw materials and the final products. The activiti es that fall under this function include the coordination of storage of raw and finished products, management of transport and staff who directly deal with the supply chain. Sales Sales: under this function, the relationship between the organization and its customer comes in, the sales team presents the products to the customers in a convenient and persuasive manner, the team also makes tenders, proposals, invoices etc. o the customers. The team also gives feedback to the research, development and marketing teams on the status of customer satisfaction. Marketing: the marketing department deals with promoting the products of the organization, marketing will involve managing the packaging, advertising, forecasting, budgeting, pricing and planning. Carrying out market research and survey is also a key role played under this function Support services Finance: this is a key function in any organization, even for non-profitable organizations.Management of funds and budgeting are the key a ctivities in this function, the finance department records the incomes and expenditures of the organization and carries out future planning in terms of increasing the income and reducing the expenditure. Computing: the use of computers has become almost mandatory for any business, therefore, having computing support services is very important. In this category, the organization’s database, network and software are effectively managed.Human resource: it deals with recruitment of new members of staff, promotion of staff, formulation of contracts and job descriptions for the staff, training of the staff and carrying out disciplinary tasks concerning the staff. Materials: under this category, the requirements of the organization are identified and then the potential suppliers are contacted, the prices are negotiated and the purchase orders are prepared. The staffs working in this area have to closely work with the production team as well as other teams in order to ensure that all teams in the organization have the necessary materials.External services Chartered accountants: the accountants carry out audits to validate the company’s accounts, they also give advice on matters relating to tax and other issues related to the finances of the organization. Management consultants: the consultants carry out surveys on the organization’s policies, procedures, methods, governance and administration. Then they use the data from the surveys to recommend changes to the areas that have any flaws or require improvements.Recruitment agency: they carry out job interviews for recruitment purposes, they look for the necessary skills required by the organization and recommend to the human resource department a list of candidates who can best fit in the job. Advertising: in most organizations, advertising is done by the marketing team, but in large organization, a separate external body is charged with advertising the organization’s products and services. T he advertisers will propose to the management the best approach to get an edge over the competitors.Market research: this can also be done by the marketing department or by an external agency, surveys, data analysis, drawing conclusions from the analysis and formulating recommendations are the main tasks in market research. Public relations: this has recently become a very important business function for almost all organization, the public relations department uplifts and maintains the image of the organization, they answer to any inquiries made, carry out exhibitions, attend and organize conferences and also prepare press releases, brochures and newsletters.BUSINESS FUNCTIONS SUPPORTED BY ORACLE AND SAP From the list of business functions and the list of packages of the two vendors, it is easy to see that the two vendors have packages for almost all the business functions, packages such as procurement, Human capital, JD Edwards world, Master data management, Database security, Data base management etc. from oracle cover almost all the business functions. SAP also has packages that support business functions these packages included Supply Chain Performance Management, Human Resource Management Systems, Manufacturing, Business One, Central Process Scheduling etc. the table below compares the two vendors in their ability to support business functions, BUSINESS FUNCTION SUPPORTED| SAP| ORACLE|Research and development| * Master Data Management * Central Process Scheduling * Analytics * Solution Manager| * Project management * Master data management, Advanced security * Active data guard * Application management * Database management * Collaboration * Identity management| Production and quality| * CCMS * Business One * Utilities * Manufacturing * Advanced Planner And Optimizer| * Integrated management * Hardware management * Lifecycle management * Application performance management * Oracle exalogic elastic cloud * Database security * Siebel| Distribution and Logist ics| * Central Process Scheduling * Service And Asset Management * Supply Chain Performance * Management * Catalog Content Management| * Central Process Scheduling * Service And Asset Management * Supply Chain Performance * Management * Catalog Content Management| Sales| * Business ByDesign * Retail * Master Data Management * Portal * Internet Transaction Server| * Business ByDesign * Retail * Master Data Management * Portal * Internet Transaction Server| Marketing| * Training And Event Management * Analytics| * Application quality management * Project management * Enterprise performance management| Finance| * Enterprise Central Component * Internet Transaction Server * Master Data Management * Service And Asset Management * Business One * Business ByDesign| * JD Edwards world * Financial management * Oracle E-Business Suite * Web commerce * MySQL * Oracle database appliance * Database vault * Database management| Human resource| * Human Resource Management Systems * Training And Ev ent Management| * Human capital management| TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM FROM SAP AND ORACLE Technology platform refers to the ability to create or edit a software on an existing or future system, different ERP vendors have platforms that support their range of products and even their rivals products, this helps in allowing the customer to purchase a mixture of products from the same vendor or from two or more vendors. The table below shows the technology platforms of the two vendors SAP| Oracle| Sapgui * NetWeaver * Enterprise Workspaces * Cloud * SAP StreamWork * Mobility * Sybase Unwired Platform * Sybase Afaria * Project Gateway * Duet Enterprise * In-Memory Computing | * Virtual desktop infrastructure * Developer tools * Linux * Portal * Application grid * Oracle java SE support * Netbeans IDE * Java platform standard edition * Java platform Micro edition * Oracle JDeveloper * javaFX * Application server * Collaboration| The table below shows the technology platform of the two In terms of the operating systems they support and other platforms. SAP| ORACLE| * Windows * Open Source * Web Based * Linux| WindowsLinuxUnix| COST COMPARISON BETWEEN SAP AND ORACLEThe total cost of implementing an ERP project is the total amount paid to put the system in place, it involve the purchase of the system, the cost of implementing the changes required for the system to work and the salaries and wages of the personnel who work in the system. In term of the initial cost, SAP has a higher price than Oracle, SAP has maintained their high billing rates because their focus is mainly on larger enterprises, so the price seems unreasonable for small and medium enterprises, and therefore, most customer rank SAP as the most expensive (Jerferson, 2010). However, SAP has the lowest average cost overrun at about 8% over budget but Oracle had the highest cost overrun at about 15%, which is almost double that of SAP.The payback period for SAP is 13 months while that of Oracle stands at 11 months (Jerferson, 2010). According to a research conducted by Panorama consulting group, the project cost for the two vendors were as depicted on the graph below It can be seen that the two normally go beyond the anticipated budget (at 53. 6% SAP, 52. 6% Oracle) suggesting that the budgeted cost for ERP projects are likely to be less than the actual budget by an average of 53. 1% (Jerferson, 2010). The tables below were extracted from Nucleus Research and they were comparing the costs of SAP and Oracle (Jerferson, 2010). EASE OF USE The ease of use of an ERP system can be compared by looking at the customer’s satisfaction after purchasing the software. 2% of SAP’s customers were satisfied while 74% of Oracle’s customer were satisfied, this indicates that Oracle’s software are easier to use than SAP’s software but the margin between the two was very close (Jerferson, 2010). ERP MODULES The two modules were selected from Oracle, and they are Oracleâ€℠¢s Financial Management Analytics This module provides the top financial management team with a good insight into the status of the financial department and the financial results, it offers a unified solution that can be deployed quickly and contains packaged dashboards and analytics tools that help give a quick insight into the status of the financial system.This module supports the financial business function, finance involves a lot of staff and workload, and the staffs carry out routine tasks that can be repeated daily, weekly, semi-annually or annually. These records are often kept in files and this poses a huge challenge when the top management needs a quick insight or review into the results. Oracle’s Financial Management Analytics automates this system and maintains the records in a database system so that they can be accessed easily. The working principle of Analytics is depicted in the figure below (Oracle, 2012). The key features of Analytics are shown in the table below FEATURE| DESCRIPTION| Executive View| Gross Profit By Region, Income By Region, Net Cash Flow| Process Management| Metrics, Trend Analysis, Overall/Entity Status|Financial Close Schedule Summary| Summary, Graphs, Milestones, Compensation| Performance Indicators| Ratios Year On Year Comparison Table, Ratio Components, Ratio Trend Analysis| Profit And Loss| Summary Income Statement, Variance Analysis, Trend Profit And Loss| Gross Profit| Variance Analysis, Gross Profit By Product, Trend Gross Profit| Balance Sheet| Consolidating Balance Sheet, Metrics, Variance Analysis, Trend Balance Sheet| Cash Flow| Cash Flow Summary, Consolidation, Variance Analysis| Current Analysis| Variance Analysis| This module supports the finance business function, this is a key function in any organization, even for non-profitable organizations.Management of funds and budgeting are the key activities in this function, the finance department records the incomes and expenditures of the organization and carries out future planning in terms of increasing the income and reducing the expenditure. Oracle database 11g enterprise edition Oracle’s database 11g enterprise edition is a database management software that is suitable for small and medium sized enterprises, this module manages all the data in the organization and enables all the business applications to benefit from the performance, reliability, security and scalability of Oracle’s database 11g enterprise edition (Wikipedia, 2013). Oracle’s database 11g enterprise edition supports all standard data types such as XML, Text, Documents, Images, Audio, Video and Location data.Access to data is via standard interfaces such as SQL, JDBC, SQLJ, ODBC . NET, OLE . NET and ODP . NET, SQL/XML and Xquery, and WebDAV. It also has some analytical tools for modeling in SQL-based systems (Wikipedia, 2013). The figure below shows the working principle of Oracle’s database 11g enterprise edition. DATA STORE PROCESS DA TA STORE USER USER PROCESS DATA STORE PROCESS DATA STORE PROCESS DATA STORE USER USER PROCESS DATA STORE PROCESS This module support several business functions, for example it supports the sales, finance, logistics, human resource management, production etc. by keeping all the relevant data in a secure and organized manner for easy access and retrieval when needed.The two selected modules can perfectly fit in the university’s operation. The university has a finance department which deals with the management and controlling of the university’s budgets, it also deals with monitoring and management of the school fees as well as the staff salaries and allowances. The department relies heavily on computer software to carry out its daily activities. Oracle’s Financial Management Analytics can be used to manage the finance department of the university. Oracle’s database 11g enterprise edition can be used to manage all the university data including the studentâ⠂¬â„¢s results, past and present exams, e-books, financial records, hospital records, timetables etc. VENDOR SELECTIONThe preferred vendor is Oracle, this is because, they are cheaper compared to SAP, the payback period is shorter than that of SAP and their customers enjoy higher rates of satisfaction. In addition, Oracle has better customer services than SAP and has a wider range of products to choose from than SAP. The domain of the organization under study did affect the choice, the university is a service provider and not a manufacturing organization, hence, some of the modules needed in the manufacturing domain may not be needed by the service providing university. The size also affected the choice of the vendor, the university can be considered as a big enterprise with branches (campuses) in different regions, thus a powerful tier I ERP system would be required to manage the university. A customized version ofERP will be the most appropriate for use in the university, this is because, the university is a unique enterprise with unique types of data management protocols, some data can be accessed by a few authorized users while other types of data should be available for every user, the levels of authority in the university are different from those in other service providing enterprises. Therefore, a great deal of customization will be required if a successful ERP system is to be implemented, this is nevertheless, an expensive option since customized ERP system cost more and take longer to implement. ERP DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE The ERP development life cycle can be summarized in a flowchart below (Motiwalla, 2010).SCOPE AND COMMITMENT STAGE This is the first stage of the cycle and it entails carrying out a feasibility study to determine whether the ERP system will actually work and if it works (Motiwalla, 2010), will it benefit the university. In addition to this, the university will develop the scope of the implementation based on the resources and time re quirements. Then the characteristics of the ERP implementation are defined to determine what features should be included in the ERP and the customization it may need, the top management’s commitment becomes very important at this stage and the short and long term vision for the new ERP system are formulated.Once this has been done, the suitable vendor is selected based on criterions such as price, reliability, payback period, customer support etc. The scope and commitments required at this stage include: * Gap analysis: an evaluation of the functions provided by the proposed ERP system is made and a comparison between the functions it can perform and the required functions is also made * Physical scope: the number of users who will use the system, the location where the system will be implemented and the sites that will be addressed are considered at this point * BPR scope: at this level, the users, department and sites affected are identified, the current processes are looke d at to see if any changes will e required to implement the system * Technical scope: evaluate the ERP system to establish if there are any modifications to be done on the system * Resource scope: the time and money allocated to the project are determined at this point * Implementation scope: the actual implementation is considered to determine which modules will be implemented and the link with the existing system ANALYSIS AND DESIGN At this stage, the ERP system is designed by the appointed teams, the user requirements are established, and the differences between the current business process and the ERP are identified and accommodated in the design (Motiwalla, 2010).Conversion of the data and the system is done at this point so that the new system is linked with the old one, a change in the management plan is also formulated to ensure successful implementation of the ERP system. Training of the staff on how to use the new system is also done at this stage. ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPM ENT STAGE The software is purchased from the vendor and the license is paid for as well, tasks identified in the gap analysis are executed at this stage, the changes in the management are also implemented to allow for the proper functionality of the new ERP, the old data is transferred to the new system and finally the security of the new system is configured. IMPLEMENTATION STAGE The purchased software is installed and implemented, the approach used in implementation can be one of the following * Phased * Pilot * Parallel * Big bangEach of these approaches has its pros and cons, but for our case, the best approach would either be phased or parallel because these two would give the staff and the students enough time to adapt to the new system. OPERATIONAL STAGE This is the final stage of the cycle, the project team officially hands over the system to the university, the university will own the system and shall be responsible for managing new releases, installation of the patches and upgrades and renewal of contracts and licenses with the vendor. Bibliography Jerferson, D. (2010). Battle of the Titans: SAP vs ORACLE. Denver: Panorama Consulting Group. Leakey, J. (2013, February 21). SAP AG. Retrieved February 22, 2013, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/SAP_AG LLC, A. P. (2002). Business Etiquette. London: ILT. Mereddy, R. (2011).SAP basis Administration Handbook. New Dehli: McGraw-Hill. Motiwalla, L. F. (2010). Enterprise System for Management. New Jersey: Pearson Education Incorporation. Oracle. (2012). Oracle Financial Management Analytics Data Sheet. California: Oracle Press. Research, N. (2010). TCO CASE STUDY: SAP VERSUS ORACLE JD EDWARDS. Alabama: Nucleus REsearch Incorporation. SAP. (2013, February 19). 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